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Spread Betting Explained — Poker Math Fundamentals for Beginners

Hold on — two ideas that sound unrelated actually share the same maths. Spread betting (price-based wagering) and poker (skill + chance) both hinge on expected value, variance and bankroll control.

Here’s a practical shortcut: master EV, variance and risk sizing and you’ll improve decisions in both arenas immediately. No fluff. Real numbers, mini-cases, a comparison table and plain-language checklists follow.

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)

What is spread betting vs poker — quick, actionable definitions

Quick one-liner: spread betting is wagering on whether an instrument moves above/below a quoted spread; poker is repeatedly making +EV decisions against opponents. Simple, but the practical overlap is in how you size bets and measure edge.

Spread bets expose you to asymmetric payoffs — profit or loss scales with price movement. In cash poker, profit scales with pot size and frequency of winning hands. The common currency is expected value (EV), variance and the Kelly-style sizing logic.

Core math concepts you need (with mini-formulas)

Wow — EV is easier than people think. EV = (probability of win × average win) − (probability of loss × average loss).

In spread betting: average win/loss depends on how far price moves. In poker: average win/loss is pot size × equity across runouts. Don’t skip equity calculations; they’re the backbone of +EV judgment.

Risk and variance: variance measures dispersion. Use variance to estimate how often short-term results deviate from EV. For traders or bettors, standard deviation of returns informs stop-loss and position size.

Kelly fraction (simplified) for bet sizing: f* ≈ (bp − q)/b, where b = odds received, p = win probability, q = 1−p. Use a fraction (e.g., 0.25–0.5 Kelly) to reduce drawdown risk.

Practical examples — concrete numbers

Observation: numbers make decisions less emotional.

Example 1 — Spread bet mini-case. You see a spread: Stock XYZ 100–102 (you pay the spread). You think the true fair price is 110 in the next week (probability 40%). If your stake is $10 per point, expected value when taking a 100 long:

  • Average win if price hits 110: (110−102) × $10 = $80 × $10 = $800 (this assumes you buy at 102 effectively).
  • Average loss if falls to 95 (probability 60%): (102−95) × $10 = $70 × $10 = $700.
  • EV = 0.4×800 − 0.6×700 = 320 − 420 = −$100 → avoid (negative EV).

Example 2 — Poker hand maths. You hold AhKh vs an opponent’s possible range on a $100 pot. If your equity after betting is 60% with a $20 bet to win the pot, average win = 0.6×(pot + bet share) − 0.4×(your bet) — compute to decide call/raise.

Comparison table — spread betting, fixed-odds, cash poker (practical view)

Approach Primary Edge Volatility Skill Factor Best sizing rule
Spread betting Price discovery, model accuracy High (linear to moves) Moderate-to-high (quant models help) Fractional Kelly or fixed % of equity
Fixed-odds betting Finding mispriced lines Medium Medium (market research) Flat stakes + unit bankroll
Cash poker Exploiting opponents’ mistakes High (short-term swings) High (game theory + reads) 50–100 buy-ins or Kelly-derived

How to compute turnover and real cost of bonuses/promotions

Hold on — bonus maths shows how misleading labels are.

If a spread-broker or casino offers a matched credit with a wagering requirement, compute true turnover: Turnover = Wagering Requirement × (Deposit + Bonus). Example: 35× on D+B with D=$100 and bonus $100 → 35×200 = $7,000 required wager. If average edge is negative, you’ll likely lose money covering turnover.

In poker terms, a rakeback or deposit bonus must be judged by how much it changes your EV per hand after rake and promotional constraints.

Where the joefortunez.com resource fits (practical pick)

When you’re comparing operators, checking payment speed, KYC policies, and the small-print on promotional wagering matters. For an Australian-centric view that highlights provider game mixes, crypto options and typical wagering mechanics, check joefortunez.com — it outlines deposit/withdrawal quirks and bonus structures relevant to players weighing spread-like exposures in betting or casino promotions.

Quick Checklist — what to run through before placing a spread bet or poker stake

  • EV check: estimate p and average payoff — is EV positive?
  • Variance estimate: expect short-term deviations; plan for drawdowns.
  • Sizing rule: pick Kelly fraction or fixed % and stick to it.
  • Liquidity/limits: confirm max position and withdrawal rules (KYC).
  • Transparent licensing: verify regulator (Australia: ACMA notes on offshore access).
  • Responsible limits: set session time and loss caps; take breaks.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

  • Anchoring on a single outcome — avoid: recompute probabilities, consider range of scenarios.
  • Ignoring variance — avoid: simulate a handful of worst-case sequences and check bankroll survival.
  • Overleveraging because of apparent edge — avoid: use fractional Kelly and cap size.
  • Not reading wagering or settlement rules — avoid: check the fine print on price feeds, settlement windows and rejected bets.
  • Skipping KYC/withdrawal checks — avoid: verify ID and withdrawal timelines before wagering large sums.

Mini-FAQ

Q: Is spread betting the same as sports betting?

A: No. Spread betting typically references price movement exposure (financial or points spreads) where stake scales with movement. Sports fixed-odds is win/lose per event with fixed payouts. The math (EV & variance) used to evaluate both is similar though.

Q: How many buy-ins should I keep for poker?

A: For cash poker, conservative advice is 100 buy-ins for the stake level you play; for tournament play, plan for higher variance and more bankroll. Use Kelly-derived sizing to refine this based on your estimated edge.

Q: How do I estimate probabilities for spread moves?

A: Combine model outputs (implied volatility, catalysts, order flow) and market odds. Calibrate with backtests: measure how often similar conditions led to moves beyond the spread. Use conservative probability estimates to avoid overconfidence.

Q: What regulatory checks should an Australian player do?

A: Verify licensing (look for clear regulator claims on the site), read the T&Cs for bonus settlement, confirm accepted payment methods and KYC processing times. Be wary of sites that obscure licensing or constantly change domains to avoid local blocks.

Mini-case: applying Kelly to a spread-bet position

My gut said 12% chance of a 20-point favourable move vs 88% chance of a 10-point adverse move. With $5 per point offered:

  • Win payoff = 20×$5 = $100
  • Loss payoff = 10×$5 = $50
  • Odds b = 100/50 = 2; p = 0.12; q = 0.88
  • Kelly f* ≈ (bp − q)/b = ((2×0.12) − 0.88)/2 = (0.24 − 0.88)/2 = −0.32 → negative → do not take the position.

Lesson: raw positive headline potential can still be negative EV once probabilities are realistic.

Practical tools & approaches — what I use

  • Simple EV spreadsheet (probabilities × payoffs). Keep it for every idea.
  • Monte Carlo runs for variance and drawdown projections (1000 sims, 1-year horizon).
  • Kelly calculator with fractional multiplier to prevent ruin.
  • Documented trade/bet journal: record stakes, rationale, result, and deviation from plan.

Regulatory and responsible gaming notes (AU-focused)

To be clear: you must be 18+ to play in Australia. Check Australian regulatory guidance — the ACMA monitors illegal offshore wagering and local laws may restrict access. KYC and AML often cause withdrawal delays; confirm identity requirements before funding big positions. If gambling is affecting you or someone you know, contact Gambling Help Online or Lifeline (13 11 14) for support.

18+ | Play within limits. Gambling carries risk — no strategy removes variance. If you need help, visit Gambling Help Online: https://www.gamblinghelponline.org.au.

Final practical rules to follow

  1. Always compute EV before you place a stake — if EV is negative, don’t justify it emotionally.
  2. Size via fractional Kelly or a fixed bankroll percentage; never exceed your predetermined cap.
  3. Run simple simulations to understand plausible drawdowns and survival probability for your bankroll.
  4. Document outcomes — your future decisions should be data-driven, not gut-led.

Sources

  • https://www.acma.gov.au
  • https://www.austrac.gov.au
  • https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/probability-library

About the Author

Tom Reilly, iGaming expert. I’ve worked with players and small funds to turn theory into consistent practices across poker cash games and price-based betting. I focus on EV-first decision making, responsible bankroll rules and realistic variance planning.

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